E6. B - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The E6. Bflight computer, nicknamed the . These flight computers are used during flight planning (on the ground before takeoff) to aid in calculating fuel burn, wind correction, time en route, and other items. In the air, the flight computer can be used to calculate ground speed, estimated fuel burn and updated estimated time of arrival.
Three Vintage Slide Rules, Manual and Kane Dead Reckoning Comput. Click image to enlarge. Three vintage slide rules and manual; Kane Dead Reckoning Computer.
The back is designed for wind vector solutions, i. See wind triangle and dead reckoning. Construction. Pivots of metal models (metal with plastic grommet) will wear out the plastic grommet prematurely, causing the wheels to spin freely. This is not beneficial when computing while flying. The cardboard models (except when becoming wet) will outlast the metal versions for most people, and will not develop the .
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Aviation remains one of the few places that the slide rule still is in widespread use. Manual E6. Bs/CRP- 1s remain popular with some users and in some environments rather than the electronic ones because they are lighter, smaller, less prone to break, easy to use one- handed, quicker, and do not require electrical power.
In flight training for a private pilot or instrument rating mechanical flight computers are still often used to teach the fundamental computations. This is in part also due to the complex nature of some trigonometric calculations which would be comparably difficult to perform on a conventional scientific calculator. The graphic nature of the flight computer also helps catching many errors which in part explains their continued popularity. The ease of use of electronic calculators means typical flight training literature. In the ground exams for numerous pilot ratings, programmable calculators or calculators containing flight planning software are permitted to be used.
Just like on the flight computer, the ring is aligned with the air temperature and the pressure altitude, allowing the true airspeed (TAS) to be read at the needle. In addition, computer programs to emulate the flight computer functions are also available, both for computers and smartphones. Calculations. Also, many computers have Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion charts and various reference tables. The front side of the flight computer is a logarithmic slide rule that performs multiplication and division. Throughout the wheel, unit names are marked (such as gallons, miles, kilometers, pounds, minutes, seconds, etc.) at locations that correspond to the constants that are used when going from one unit to another in various calculations. Once the wheel is positioned to represent a certain fixed ratio (for example, pounds of fuel per hour), the rest of the wheel can be consulted to utilize that same ratio in a problem (for example, how many pounds of fuel for a 2. This is one area where the E6.
B and CRP- 1 are different. Since the CRP- 1s are made for the UK market, they can be used to perform the added conversions of Imperial to Metric units. The wheel on the back of the calculator is used for calculating the effects of wind on cruise flight. A typical calculation done by this wheel answers the question: . The grid is visible through the transparent part of the wheel.
To solve this problem with a flight computer, first the wheel is turned so the wind direction (C) is at the top of the wheel. Then a pencil mark is made just above the hole, at a distance representing the wind speed (D) away from the hole. After the mark is made, the wheel is turned so that the course (A) is now selected at the top of the wheel. The ruler then is slid so that the pencil mark is aligned with the true airspeed (B) seen through the transparent part of the wheel.
The wind correction angle is determined by matching how far right or left the pencil mark is from the hole, to the wind correction angle portion of the slide's grid. The true ground speed is determined by matching the center hole to the speed portion of the grid. The mathematical formulas that equate to the results of the flight computer wind calculator are as follows: (desired course is d, ground speed is Vg, heading is a, true airspeed is Va, wind direction is w, wind speed is Vw. Vg, Va and Vw are consistent units of speed. These new technologies can draw the results of the calculation and mark wind correction components and speeds. Flight planning website Skyvector and very popular IOS app Fore.
Flight has build in E6- B's to help pilots to calculate their corrected headings. Although digital E6.
B's are easier to use, today, flight schools are still teaching their lessons based on mechanical E6- B's. The name comes from its original part number for the U. S Army Air Corps in World War II. Philip Dalton was a Cornell University graduate who joined the United States Army as an artillery officer, but soon resigned and became a Naval Reserve pilot from 1. Weems, invented, patented and marketed a series of flight computers.
Dalton's first popular computer was his 1. Model B, the circular slide rule with True Airspeed (TAS) and Altitude corrections pilots know so well. In 1. 93. 6 he put a double- drift diagram on its reverse to create what the U.
S. Army Air Corps (USAAC) designated as the E- 1, E- 1. A and E- 1. B. A couple of years later he invented the Mark VII, again using his Model B slide rule as a focal point. It was hugely popular with both the military and the airlines. Even Amelia Earhart's navigator Fred Noonan used one on their last flight. Dalton felt that it was a rushed design, and wanted to create something more accurate, easier to use, and able to handle higher flight speeds.
He applied for a patent in 1. This was for the Model C, D and G computers widely used in World War II by the British Commonwealth (as the .
Navy, copied by the Japanese, and improved on by the Germans, through Siegfried Knemeyer's invention of the disc- type Dreieckrechner device, somewhat similar to the eventual E6. B's backside compass rose dial in general appearance, but having the compass rose on the front instead for real- time calculations of the wind triangle at any time while in flight. These are commonly available on collectible auction web sites. The U. S. Army Air Corps decided the endless belt computer cost too much to manufacture, so later in 1. Dalton morphed it to a simple, rigid, flat wind slide, with his old Model B circular slide rule included on the reverse. He called this prototype his Model H; the Army called it the E- 6. A. In 1. 93. 8 the Army wrote formal specifications, and had him make a few changes, which Weems called the Model J.
The changes included moving the . Over 4. 00,0. 00 E- 6. Bs were manufactured during World War II, mostly of a plastic that glows under black light. For example, other USAAC computers of that time were the C- 2, D- 2, D- 4, E- 1 and G- 1, and flight pants became E- 1s as well. Most likely they chose .
By 1. 94. 3 the Army and Navy changed the marking to their joint standard, the AN- C- 7. Army/Navy Computer 7.
A year or so later it was changed to AN- 5. AN- 5. 83. 4 (1. 94. The USAF called later updates the MB- 4 (1. CPU- 2. 6 (1. 95. E- 6. B name. Many just called it the . After the patent ran out, many manufacturers made copies, sometimes using a marketing name of .
An aluminium version was made by the London Name Plate Mfg. The tool provided for calculation of the True Air Speed on the front side and Time- Speed calculations in relation to the altitude on the backside. They were still in use throughout the 1. European Air Forces, such as the German Air Force, until modern avionics made them obsolete. References in popular culture. Spock uses an E- 6. B to calculate the time of impact of the Enterprise with a planet.